Earthquakes
Outline
- What is Earthquake
- Types of Seismic Waves
- Effects of Earthquakes
- Site Selection
- Building Construction Materials
- Building Planning | Earthquake Resistant Buildings
- Earthquake Resistant Techniques
- Summary and Conclusion
What is Earthquake?
Earthquake is a sudden tremor or movement of the earth’s crust, which originate naturally at or below the surface. It is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth’s crust that creates seismic waves.
Types of Seismic Waves
- Primary waves Or P waves Or Push waves
- Secondary waves or S waves or Shear waves
- Surface waves
- L waves and Rayleigh Waves
General Effects of Earthquakes
- Ground Shaking
- Soil failures
- Surface Fault rupture
- Tidal Waves (Tsunamis)
What must we do..??
- Site selection
- Building Construction Materials for Earthquake Resistance
- Masonry
- Concrete
iii. Steel
- Building Planning
- Size of buildings
- Horizontal Layout of buildings
iii. Projections and Overhangs
- Adjacency of Buildings
- Heavy mass at the top buildings
- Avoid long walls
- Earthquake bands and vertical reinforcement
- Earthquake bands in Timber
- Earthquake Bands in RC
Summary and Conclusions
- The weight and rigidity of a structure must be uniformly and symmetrically distributed to the plane of symmetry passing through the centre of gravity.
- The proportionality requirements must be met by the building dimensions i.e. the length and height of the building should not be too great.
- The structure must be light, as practicable and have its centre of gravity as low as possible.
- Desirable tough, light and elastic material be used which have uniform properties.
- In the vertical and horizontal planes the load carrying elements must be coupled to form closed contours.
- The foundations of earthquake resistant buildings must be firm and have enough depth.
Power Point Presentation has been embedded below for better understanding.
Good ppt