Surveying in Civil Engineering

All survey work follows a simple four-step procedure: Select the correct order

If the staff is not held vertically at a levelling station, the reduced level calculated from the observation would be

Survey performed to explore site conditions and availability of infrastructures is called

The first reading taken on a bench mark with levelling staff inverted is entered in the field book as

Survey performed to prepare a plan or map of a region which includes natural as well as and man-made features including elevation is known as

The basic principle of surveying is to be able to work out the position of a point from some other point or points, positioning from the known features to the unknown ones.

In a whole circle bearing system, S250 15' E corresponds to

Closed contours with higher value inwards represents

In a well-conditioned triangle, no angle should be less than

Closed contours with higher value Outwards represents